中国旱区土壤微塑料风蚀迁移风险综述

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00224

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

微塑料作为新型污染物，因其持久性、迁移性和生态毒性，正对全球生态环境健康构成严峻威胁。旱区中强烈的风蚀作用驱动土壤微塑料脱离地表进入大气，并长距离迁移运输形成跨区域污染。中国广大旱区，尤其是风沙带区域因干旱气候、地表裸露率高及频发的风沙活动，成为微塑料在土壤-大气界面迁移扩散的关键源区和重要传输通道。为了揭示旱区微塑料风力迁移的环境风险，本文通过文献梳理，系统分析了中国西北旱区土壤微塑料的赋存特征及其空间差异，探讨了风蚀作用驱动下微塑料进入大气的迁移扩散过程及其影响因素，并进一步评估了大气中微塑料的环境风险。该综述对深化陆地微塑料环境行为认知、维护中国生态安全及完善微塑料环境风险评估体系具有重要的科学与现实意义。

关键词: 微塑料, 土壤, 风蚀, 沙尘暴, 大气

Abstract:

As an emerging contaminant， microplastics pose severe threats to global ecological security due to their persistence， mobility， and ecotoxicity. In arid regions of China， particularly within sandy and windy zones， the combination of dry climate， high surface exposure rate， and frequent aeolian activities makes these areas critical sources and important transmission pathways for the migration and diffusion of microplastics at the soil-atmosphere interface. To reveal the environmental risks associated with the wind-driven migration of microplastics in arid regions， this paper systematically analyzes the occurrence characteristics and spatial variations of soil microplastics in the arid northwest China through literature review. It further explores the migration and diffusion processes of microplastics into the atmosphere driven by wind erosion， along with their influencing factors. Additionally， the environmental risks posed by airborne microplastics are assessed. This review holds significant scientific and practical importance for deepening the understanding of terrestrial microplastic environmental behavior， safeguarding China's ecological security， and improving the environmental risk assessment framework for microplastics.

Key words: microplastics, soil, wind erosion, sandstorm, atmosphere

中图分类号:

向宇, 林会全, 王旭洋, 郑成卓, 李玉强. 中国旱区土壤微塑料风蚀迁移风险综述[J]. 中国沙漠, 2025, 45(4): 378-388.

Yu Xiang, Huiquan Lin, Xuyang Wang, Chengzhuo Zheng, Yuqiang Li. Wind-driven migration risks of microplastics in arid region soils of china：a review[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2025, 45(4): 378-388.

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